45# ingenamthungo kumzi-mveliso wombhobho wentsimbi
45# umbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo emva kokucinywa kunye nonyango olushushu luneempawu ezilungileyo ezibanzi zoomatshini kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezibalulekileyo zesakhiwo, ngakumbi ezo ziqhina zokudibanisa, iibholiti, iigiya kunye neeshafti ezisebenza phantsi komthwalo otshintshanayo. Nangona kunjalo, ubunzima bomphezulu buphantsi kwaye abukwazi ukunxiba. Ukucima kunye nokuthambisa + ukucinywa komphezulu kungasetyenziselwa ukuphucula ubulukhuni bomphezulu wamalungu.
Ukushisa okucetyiswayo konyango lobushushu: ukulinganisa i-850, ukucima i-840, ukutshisa i-600.
Intsimbi ye-45 yintsimbi yesakhiwo sekhabhoni ephezulu enobunzima obuphantsi kunye nokusika okulula. Ihlala isetyenziswa njenge-formwork, ihlumela, isithuba sesikhokelo, njl njl kwi-mold, kodwa kufuneka iphathwe ubushushu.
1. Intsimbi ye-45 ifanelekile ukuba ubunzima bayo bukhulu kune-HRC55 (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-HRC62) emva kokucima nangaphambi kokuvutha.
Obona bunzima buphezulu bokusetyenziswa okusebenzayo yi-HRC55 (i-high frequency quenching hrc58).
2. Inkqubo yokushisa ukushisa kwe-carburizing kunye nokucima ayiyi kwamkelwa kwintsimbi ye-45.
Amacandelo acinyiweyo kunye nobushushu aneempawu ezilungileyo ezibanzi zomatshini kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezibalulekileyo zesakhiwo, ngakumbi ezo zidibanisa, iibholiti, iigiya kunye neeshafts ezisebenza phantsi komthwalo otshintshanayo. Nangona kunjalo, ubunzima bomphezulu buphantsi kwaye abukwazi ukunxiba. Ukucima kunye nokuthambisa + ukucinywa komphezulu kungasetyenziselwa ukuphucula ubulukhuni bomphezulu wamalungu.
Unyango lwe-Carburizing lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezinomthwalo onzima kunye nomphezulu ongaguqukiyo kunye nefuthe elixhathisayo, kwaye ukuxhathisa kwayo kuphezulu kunokucima kunye nokutshisa + ukucinywa komphezulu. Umxholo wekhabhoni we-surface ngu-0.8-1.2%, kwaye ingundoqo ngokuqhelekileyo i-0.1-0.25% (0.35% kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo). Emva kokunyangwa kobushushu, umphezulu unokufumana ubunzima obuphezulu (HRC58-62), ubulukhuni obusezantsi kunye nokumelana nempembelelo.
Ukuba i-45 insimbi i-carburized, i-martensite enzima kunye ne-brittle iya kubonakala kwi-core emva kokucima, eya kulahlekelwa inzuzo yonyango lwe-carburizing. Umxholo wekhabhoni wezinto eziphathekayo kunye nenkqubo ye-carburizing ayiphezulu, kwaye amandla angundoqo anokufikelela phezulu kakhulu kwi-0.30%, enqabileyo kwisicelo. I-0.35% ayizange ibone imizekelo, eveliswa kuphela kwiincwadi zezifundo. Inkqubo yokucima kunye nokutshisa + ukucinywa komphezulu ophakamileyo kunokwamkelwa, kwaye ukuxhathisa ukunxitywa kubi kancinci kunokungcwatywa.
Inkqubo yonyango yokushisa ekhuthazwayo ye-45 yentsimbi echazwe kwi-GB / t699-1999 yi-850 ℃ normalizing, i-840 ℃ yokucima kunye ne-600 ℃ ukushisa, kunye namandla esivuno ≥ 355MPa.
Ngokutsho kwe-GB / t699-1999, ukuqina kokuqina kwe-45 yensimbi yi-600MPa, amandla okuvelisa yi-355MPa, ubude bu-16%, ukucuthwa kwendawo yi-40%, kunye nempembelelo yamandla yi-39j. 1, Imisebenzi, iimpawu zesakhiwo kunye neemfuno zobugcisa zamacandelo e-shaft
Amalungu e-shaft yenye yeendawo eziqhelekileyo ezihlala zidibana koomatshini. Isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukuxhasa iindawo zothumelo, ukuhambisa i-torque kunye nomthwalo webhere. Amalungu e-shaft ngamalungu ajikelezayo, ubude bawo bukhulu kunobubanzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo zenziwe nge-cylindrical surface yangaphandle, i-conical surface, umngxuma ongaphakathi, intambo kunye nesiphelo esihambelanayo sobuso be-cocentric shaft. Ngokwemilo eyahlukeneyo yolwakhiwo, iindawo zeshaft zinokwahlulwa zibe yi-axis ebonakalayo, i-axis ene-steped, i-hollow axis kunye ne-crankshaft.
I-shaft ene-spect ratio engaphantsi kwe-5 ibizwa ngokuba yi-shaft emfutshane, kwaye i-shaft ene-aspect ratio enkulu kune-20 ibizwa ngokuba yi-shaft ebhityileyo. Uninzi lweeshafti ziphakathi kwezi zimbini.
I-shaft ixhaswa yi-bearing, kwaye icandelo le-shaft elihambelana ne-bearing libizwa ngokuba yijenali. Ijenali yi-benchmark yendibano ye-shaft, kwaye ukuchaneka kwayo kunye nomgangatho womphezulu ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka ube phezulu. Iimfuno zayo zobugcisa ziqulunqwe ngokubanzi ngokwemisebenzi ephambili kunye neemeko zokusebenza ze-shaft, ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka ezi zinto zilandelayo:
1.Ukumisela indawo ye-shaft, ijenali enomsebenzi oxhasayo wokuchaneka kwe-dimensional idla ngokufuna ukuchaneka okuphezulu kwe-dimensional (it5 ~ it7). Ngokubanzi, ukuchaneka komgangatho wejenali yeshaft yokuhlanganisa iindawo zothumelo kuphantsi (IT6 ~ it9).
2.Ukuchaneka kwejiyometri ukuchaneka kwejiyometri yamalungu eshafti ikakhulu ibhekisa kungqukuva kunye necylindricity yejenali, ikhowuni yangaphandle, umngxuma we-Morse taper, njl. ngokuqhelekileyo, ukunyamezela kwayo kuya kulinganiselwa kunyamezelo lwe-dimensional. Kwiindawo ezijikelezayo zangaphakathi nangaphandle ezineemfuno zokuchaneka okuphezulu, ukutenxa okuvumelekileyo kuya kumakishwa kumzobo.
3.Ukuchaneka kokuchaneka kokuchaneka kweemfuno zokuchaneka kwendawo yeendawo ze-shaft zichongwa ngokukodwa ngokuma kunye nomsebenzi we-shaft kumatshini. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iimfuno ze-coaxiality zeJenali yeengxenye zothumelo ezidibeneyo kwijenali exhasayo ziya kuqinisekiswa, ngaphandle koko ukuchaneka kokuhanjiswa kweendawo zothumelo (iigiya, njl.) ziya kuchaphazeleka kwaye ingxolo iya kuveliswa. Kwiishafu ezichanekileyo eziqhelekileyo, ukuphuma kwe-radial yecandelo le-mating shaft kwijenali exhasayo ngokuqhelekileyo yi-0.01 ~ 0.03mm, kunye ne-shafts echanekileyo ephezulu (njenge-shafts eziphambili), idla ngokuba yi-0.001 ~ 0.005mm.
4.Uburhabaxa bomphezulu bedayamitha ye-shaft ehambelana neendawo zothumelo ngokuqhelekileyo yi-ra2.5 ~ 0.63 μ m. Uburhabaxa bomphezulu bedayamitha yeshaft exhasayo ehambelana nokuthwala yiRa0.63 ~ 0.16 μ m.
1.Izithuba zeshaft. Ngokweemfuno zokusetyenziswa, uhlobo lokuvelisa, iimeko zezixhobo kunye nesakhiwo, iifom ezingenanto ezifana nemivalo kunye ne-forgings zingakhethwa kwiindawo ze-shaft. Kwi-shaft enomahluko omncinci kwi-diameter yesangqa sangaphandle, ngokuqhelekileyo ilawulwa yi-bar; Kwiishafti ezinyathelweyo okanye i-shafts ebalulekileyo enomahluko omkhulu kwi-diameter yesangqa sangaphandle, i-forgings isoloko ikhethwa, engagcini nje kuphela izinto eziphathekayo, inciphisa umsebenzi we-machining, kodwa iphucula iimpawu zoomatshini.
Ngokwemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo yemveliso, iindlela zokubumba ezingenanto zibandakanya ukubunjwa simahla kunye nokufa. I-forging yasimahla ihlala isetyenziswa kwimveliso yebhetshi encinci naphakathi, kwaye i-die forging isetyenziswa kwimveliso yobuninzi.
2. Izinto eziphathekayo zamacandelo e-shaft shaft ziya kukhetha izinto ezahlukeneyo ngokweemeko zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo kunye neemfuno zokusetyenziswa kunye nokwamkela imilinganiselo yonyango yokushisa ehlukeneyo (njengokucima kunye nokufudumala, ukulinganisa, ukucima, njl.) ukufumana amandla athile, ukuqina kunye nokumelana nokunxiba.
Intsimbi ye-45 yinto eqhelekileyo yeengxenye ze-shaft. Ixabiso eliphantsi. Emva kokucima kunye nokufudumala (okanye ukuqhelekileyo), inokufumana ukusebenza okungcono kokusika, amandla aphezulu kunye nokuqina kunye nezinye iimpawu ezibanzi zoomatshini. Ukuqina komphezulu emva kokucima kunokufikelela kuma-45 ~ 52hrc.
I-40Cr kunye nezinye iintsimbi zesakhiwo se-alloy zifanelekile kwiindawo ze-shaft ngokuchaneka okuphakathi kunye nesantya esiphezulu. Emva kokucima, ukufudumala kunye nokucima, olu hlobo lwentsimbi luneempawu ezilungileyo ezibanzi zoomatshini.
Ukuthwala i-GCr15 yentsimbi kunye nentsimbi ye-spring 65Mn, emva kokucima kunye nokufudumala kunye nokucima i-high-frequency quenching, ubunzima bomhlaba bunokufikelela kwi-50 ~ 58hrc, kwaye banokumelana nokudinwa okuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokunxiba kakuhle. Banokwenza iishafti ezichaneke kakhulu.
I-38crmoaia insimbi ene-nitrided inokukhethwa kwi-spindle yezixhobo zomatshini ezichanekileyo (ezifana ne-axle yesanti ye-grinder kunye nokulungelelanisa umatshini wokuphotha odikayo). Emva kokucima kunye nokufudumeza kunye ne-nitriding yomhlaba, le ntsimbi ayinakufumana kuphela ubunzima obuphezulu bomhlaba, kodwa iphinde igcine i-core ethambileyo, ngoko inefuthe elihle lokuqina. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-carburized quenched steel, ineempawu ze-deformation encinci yonyango lokushisa kunye nobunzima obuphezulu.
Intsimbi ye-45 isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimveliso yomatshini. Le ntsimbi ineempawu ezintle zoomatshini. Nangona kunjalo, le yintsimbi yekhabhoni ephakathi kunye nokusebenza kakubi kokucima. No. 45 intsimbi inokuqiniswa kwi-hrc42 ~ 46. Ngoko ke, ukuba ubunzima bomphezulu bufunekayo kwaye iimpawu eziphezulu ze-mechanical 45 # zilindeleke ukuba zifakwe kumdlalo, umphezulu we-45 # wentsimbi uhlala uxutywe kwaye ucinywe, ngoko ke. ukuba ubulukhuni bomphezulu obufunekayo bunokufumaneka.
