Umzi-mveliso wetyhubhu oqaqambileyo ocacileyo eludongeni
Umbhobho wensimbi oshushu oqengqelekayo wahlulwe waba ngumbhobho wentsimbi jikelele, umbhobho wentsimbi ophantsi nophakathi woxinzelelo oluphezulu, umbhobho wentsimbi woxinzelelo oluphezulu, umbhobho wentsimbi, umbhobho wentsimbi, umbhobho wokuqhekeka wepetroli, umbhobho wentsimbi yejoloji kunye neminye imibhobho yentsimbi.
Umbhobho wentsimbi obandayo oqengqelekayo (ozotyiweyo) uquka umbhobho wentsimbi onodonga olucekethekileyo lwekhabhoni, umbhobho wentsimbi onodonga olubhityileyo, umbhobho wentsimbi onodonga olubhityileyo, umbhobho wentsimbi onodonga olubhityileyo, umbhobho wentsimbi onodonga olubhityileyo kunye nombhobho wentsimbi obume ngokukodwa ukongeza kumbhobho wentsimbi ngokubanzi. Umbhobho wentsimbi webhoyila ophantsi nophakathi, umbhobho wensimbi woxinzelelo oluphezulu, umbhobho wentsimbi yealloyi, umbhobho wokuqhekeka wepetroli kunye neminye imibhobho yentsimbi. Idayamitha yangaphandle yombhobho ongenamthungo oqengqelekayo bukhulu kune-32mm kwaye ubukhulu bodonga yi-2.5-75mm. Idayamitha yombhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo eqengqelekayo inokufikelela kwi-6mm kwaye ubukhulu bodonga bube yi-0.25mm. Idayamitha yangaphandle yombhobho obhityileyo unokufikelela kwi-5mm kwaye ubukhulu bodonga bungaphantsi kwe-0.25mm. Ukuqengqeleka okubandayo kunomgangatho ophezulu wokuchaneka kunokuqengqeleka okushushu.
Yenziwe ngensimbi ephezulu yekhabhoni efana ne-10, i-20, i-30, i-35 kunye ne-45, i-alloy yesakhiwo sensimbi ephantsi njenge-16Mn kunye ne-5mnv, okanye i-alloy steel efana ne-40Cr, 30CrMnSi, 45Mn2 kunye ne-40MnB. 10. Imibhobho engenamthungo eyenziwe ngentsimbi yekhabhoni ephantsi efana ne-20 isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwimibhobho yokuhambisa ulwelo. Imibhobho engenamthungo eyenziwe ngentsimbi yekhabhoni ephakathi enje nge-45 kunye ne-40Cr isetyenziselwa ukwenza iinxalenye zoomatshini, ezifana neendawo ezinoxinzelelo lweemoto kunye neetrektara. Ngokuqhelekileyo, uvavanyo lwamandla kunye nokunciphisa umbhobho wensimbi engenamthungo kuya kuqinisekiswa. Imibhobho yentsimbi eshushu iya kuhanjiswa kwindawo eshushu yokuqengqeleka okanye yonyango lobushushu; I-Cold rolling ihanjiswa kwimeko yokuphatha ukushisa.
Isetyenziselwa ukwenza zonke iindidi zeebhoyila ezinoxinzelelo oluphantsi noluphakathi, imibhobho yomphunga eshushu kakhulu, imibhobho yamanzi abilayo, imibhobho yodonga lwamanzi kunye nemibhobho yomphunga eshushu kakhulu, imibhobho yomsi emikhulu, imibhobho emincinci yomsi kunye nemibhobho yezitena ezinzulu kwizibiyitha zikaloliwe. Umbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo oshushu oqengqiwe okanye obandayo owenziwe ngentsimbi ekumgangatho ophezulu wekhabhoni. Ikakhulu yenziwe ngentsimbi ye-10 kunye ne-20. Ukongeza ekuqinisekiseni ukwakheka kweekhemikhali kunye neepropathi zoomatshini, uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic, i-crimping, i-flaring, i-flattening kunye nolunye uvavanyo luya kwenziwa. Ukuqengqeleka okushushu kuya kuhanjiswa kwimeko eshushu yokuqengqeleka, kwaye ukuqengqeleka okubandayo (ukudaya) kuya kuhanjiswa kwimeko yonyango lobushushu.
Isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukwenza umgangatho ophezulu wekhabhoni yentsimbi, intsimbi yesakhiwo sealloy kunye nentsimbi engasiyo ukumelana nobushushu kwimibhobho yensimbi engenamthungo kwibhobho yebhoyila enoxinzelelo oluphezulu nangaphezulu. Le mibhobho yebhoyili ihlala isebenza phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu. Le mibhobho iya kungena kwi-oxidation kunye nokuhlwa phantsi kwentshukumo yegesi yobushushu obuphezulu kunye nomphunga. Ngoko ke, iibhobho zensimbi zifunekayo ukuba zibe namandla aphezulu kunye nokuchasana kwe-oxidation ephezulu, amabakala ensimbi ayamkelweyo alandelayo: umgangatho ophezulu we-carbon structural steel, kunye namabakala ensimbi angama-20g, 20mng kunye ne-25mng; I-alloy structural steel grade grade: 15mog, 20mog, 12crmog, 15CrMoG, 12CR2MOG, 12crmovg, 12Cr3MoVSiTiB, njl; Ukongeza ekuqinisekiseni ukwakheka kweekhemikhali kunye neempawu zoomatshini, i-1Cr18Ni9 kunye ne-1cr18ni11nb iityhubhu zebhoyila zoxinzelelo oluphezulu eziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwintsimbi erusayo ekwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu ziya kuxhomekeka kuvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic, ukugqabhuka kunye novavanyo lokucaba nganye nganye. Imibhobho yentsimbi iya kuhanjiswa kwimeko yokuphathwa bubushushu. Ukongezelela, kukho iimfuno ezithile ze-microstructure, ubukhulu bengqolowa kunye ne-decarburization layer yombhobho wensimbi ogqityiweyo.
Ukuze kuphononongwe ubume bamatye angaphantsi komhlaba, amanzi aphantsi komhlaba, i-oyile, igesi yendalo kunye nemithombo yezimbiwa, izixhobo zokomba zisetyenziselwa ukugrumba amaqula. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-oyile kunye negesi akunakuhlukaniswa nokugrumba. Imibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo yokomba wejoloji kunye nokugrumba i-oyile zezona zixhobo ziphambili zokomba, ikakhulu zibandakanya umbhobho wangaphandle ongundoqo, umbhobho wangaphakathi ongundoqo, umbhobho wokubhobhoza, njl njl. iimeko zinzima kakhulu, umbhobho wokubhobhoza uthwala imiphumo yoxinzelelo lwengcinezelo, ukunyanzeliswa, ukugoba, ukuxubha kunye nomthwalo wempembelelo ongalinganiyo, kwaye unxitywe ngodaka kunye nelitye. Ngoko ke, umbhobho kufuneka ube namandla okwaneleyo, ukuqina, ukumelana nokunxiba kunye nokuqina kwempembelelo, Intsimbi yombhobho wensimbi imelwe yi "DZ" (i-Geological Chinese Pinyin prefix) kunye nenani lokumela inqaku lemveliso yentsimbi. Amanqanaba ensimbi asetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo yi-45mnb kunye ne-50Mn ye-dz45; 40Mn2 kunye ne-40mn2si ye-dz50; I-40mn2mo kunye ne-40mnvb ye-dz55; 40mnmob of DZ60 kunye 27mnmovb of dz65. Imibhobho yentsimbi ihanjiswa kwimeko yokushisa.
Iityhubhu ezingenamthungo zetyhubhu zesithando somlilo, iityhubhu zokutshintshiselana ngobushushu kunye nemibhobho kwiindawo zokucoca i-petroleum. Ngokuqhelekileyo yenziwe nge-high-quality carbon steel (10, 20), i-alloy steel (12CrMo, 15CrMo), i-heat-resistant steel (12cr2mo, 15cr5mo) kunye nensimbi engenasici (1Cr18Ni9, 1Cr18Ni9Ti). Ukongeza kwimichiza kunye neempawu ezahlukeneyo zomatshini wombhobho wentsimbi, kuyafuneka ukuba kuqinisekiswe i-hydrostatic, flattening, flaring kunye nolunye uvavanyo, kunye nomgangatho womphezulu kunye novavanyo olungonakalisi. Imibhobho yentsimbi iya kuhanjiswa phantsi konyango lobushushu.
Umbhobho wensimbi engenastainless: zonke iintlobo zetsimbi yentsimbi eshushu-eqengqelekayo kunye nebandayo eqengqelekayo isetyenziswa kakhulu kwipetroleum kunye nemibhobho yezixhobo zekhemikhali kunye neenxalenye zensimbi engenasici kwiinjongo ezahlukeneyo. Ukongeza ekuqinisekiseni ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali kunye neempawu zomatshini, yonke imibhobho yentsimbi esetyenziselwa ukuthwala uxinzelelo lwe-fluid iya kufaneleka kuvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic. Imibhobho yentsimbi ekhethekileyo eyahlukeneyo iya kuqinisekiswa ngokwemiqathango echaziweyo.
Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelelanga, kukho ngaphezu kwama-240 amashishini okuvelisa imibhobho engenamthungo kunye neeyunithi ezingaphezu kwama-250 zentsimbi ezingenamthungo eTshayina, ezinomthamo wonyaka ongaphezu kweetoni zezigidi ezi-4.5. Ngokwe-caliber< φ 76, i-akhawunti ye-35%< φ 159-650, ibalwa kwi-25%. Ngokubhekiselele kwiindidi, i-1.9 yezigidi zeetoni zemibhobho yenjongo jikelele, ibalwa kwi-54%; Iitoni ezingama-760000 zemibhobho yeoli, ezibalelwa kwi-5.7%; I-150000 yeetoni zepropu ye-hydraulic kunye nombhobho ochanekileyo, obala i-4.3%; Umbhobho ongenanto, umbhobho othwele kunye nombhobho wemoto ziitoni ezingama-50000, ezibalelwa kwi-1.4%.
I-billet ithunyelwa kwiziko ukuze ifudunyezwe kwiqondo lokushisa malunga ne-1200 degrees Celsius. Amafutha yihydrogen okanye iacetylene. Ukulawulwa kweqondo lokushisa kwisithando somlilo yingxaki ephambili. Emva kokuba i-tube billet ejikelezayo ikhutshwe kwisithando somlilo, kufuneka ihlatywe nge-piercer pressure piercer. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oyena mgqobhozi uxhaphakileyo ngumbhobhozo we-conical roll. Lo mbhobhozo unomgangatho ophezulu wemveliso, umgangatho omhle wemveliso, ukwandiswa okukhulu kwe-perforation kwaye unokugqoka iindidi zentsimbi. Emva kokubhoboza, i-tube ejikelezileyo engenanto iqhutywe ngokulandelelana ngokugqithwa kwe-roll cross rolling, i-rolling eqhubekayo okanye i-extrusion. Emva kwe-extrusion, susa umbhobho ukwenzela ukulinganisa. Umatshini wokulinganisa ujikeleza kwi-embryo yentsimbi ngesantya esiphezulu ngokusebenzisa i-conical drill ukwenza umbhobho wentsimbi. Ububanzi bangaphakathi bombhobho wentsimbi buchongwa bubude obungaphandle bedayamitha yokulinganisa umatshini. Emva kokulinganisa, umbhobho wensimbi ungena kwinqaba yokupholisa kwaye upholiswe ngokutshiza kwamanzi. Emva kokupholisa, umbhobho wensimbi uya kulungiswa. Emva kokulungiswa, umbhobho wensimbi uthunyelwa kwi-metal flaw detector (okanye uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic) ngebhanti yokuhambisa ukukhangela impazamo yangaphakathi. Ukuba kukho ukuqhekeka, iibhubhu kunye nezinye iingxaki ngaphakathi kombhobho wensimbi, ziya kufunyanwa. Imibhobho yensimbi kufuneka ikhethwe ngokungqongqo ngesandla emva kokuhlolwa komgangatho. Emva kokuba umbhobho wensimbi uhlolwe, inombolo, inkcazo, inombolo yebhetshi yokuvelisa, njl njl. Kuya kutshizwa ngepeyinti. Kwaye yakhweliswa kwindawo yokugcina impahla ngecrane.
