Iinkcazo ezahlukeneyo zetsimbi engatyiwayo kwisitokhwe
Inkqubo yemveliso imisela ukusebenza kwayo okulinganiselwe. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuchaneka kombhobho wensimbi ongenamthungo kuphantsi: ubukhulu bodonga olungalinganiyo, ukukhanya okuphantsi kwendawo yangaphakathi nangaphandle yombhobho, ixabiso eliphezulu lokulinganisa, kunye neepockmarks kunye namabala amnyama kwindawo yangaphakathi nangaphandle akulula ukususa; Ukufunyaniswa kunye nokubunjwa kwayo kufuneka kusetyenzwe ngaphandle kweintanethi. Ke ngoko, ibandakanya iingenelo zayo kuxinzelelo oluphezulu, amandla aphezulu kunye nezixhobo zesakhiwo soomatshini.
Ngokolwakhiwo lwensimbi engenasici, yahlulwe yaba yi-semi-Ferritic kunye ne-semi martensitic yentsimbi engenamthungo yombhobho, umbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo we-martensitic, umbhobho we-austenitic wentsimbi engenamthungo, umbhobho we-austenitic ferritic wentsimbi engenamthungo, njl.
A.Ngokutsho kwe-gb14975-2002 intsimbi engenamthungo yombhobho wentsimbi, ubude bombhobho wentsimbi budla ngokuba yi-1.5 ~ 10m kumbhobho wentsimbi eshushu eqengqelekayo (ubude obungenammiselo), kunye ne-1m kumbhobho wentsimbi oshushu ogqithisiweyo. 1.0 ~ 7m kumbhobho wentsimbi ozotyiweyo obandayo (oqengqiwe) kunye nobukhulu bodonga lwe-0.5 ~ 1.0mm; Ukuba ubukhulu bodonga bukhulu kuno-1.0mm, 1.5 ~ 8m.
B.Kukho iintlobo ezingama-45 zemibhobho yentsimbi eshushu esongiweyo (eshushu eyongeziweyo) enobubanzi obungama-54 ~ 480mm; Kukho iindidi ezingama-36 ezinobunzima bodonga lwe-4.5 ~ 45mm. Kukho iintlobo ezingama-65 zemibhobho yentsimbi epholileyo etsalwayo (eqengqiwe) enobubanzi obuyi-6 ~ 200mm; Kukho iindidi ezingama-39 ezinodonga olungqingqwa lwe-0.5 ~ 21mm.
C.Umphezulu wangaphakathi nangaphandle wemibhobho yentsimbi awuyi kuba neentanda, ukugotywa, ukurhalela, iintanda, ukugotywa, ukubola kunye nokhoko. Ezi ziphene ziya kususwa ngokupheleleyo (ngaphandle kwemibhobho yomatshini). Emva kokususwa, ubukhulu bodonga kunye nobubanzi bangaphandle abuyi kudlula ukuphambuka okungalunganga. Ezinye iziphene ezincinci zomphezulu ezingagqithiyo kumtembuko ovumelekileyo ongalunganga azinakususwa.
D.Ubunzulu obuvumelekileyo bokuthe ngqo. Imibhobho yentsimbi egoqiweyo kunye neshushu eyongeziweyo enobubanzi obungaphantsi okanye obulingana ne-140mm ayiyi kuba nkulu kune-5% yobukhulu bodonga, kwaye ubunzulu obukhulu abuyi kuba bukhulu kune-0.5mm; Umbhobho wensimbi obandayo (oqengqiwe) awuyi kuba mkhulu kune-4% yobukhulu bodonga oluqhelekileyo, kwaye ubunzulu obukhulu abuyi kuba bukhulu kune-0.3mm.
E. Zombini iziphelo zombhobho wentsimbi ziya kunqunyulwa kwii-angles ezifanelekileyo kwaye ii-burrs ziya kususwa.
Ngokolwakhiwo lwensimbi engenasici, yahlulwe yaba yi-semi-Ferritic kunye ne-semi martensitic yentsimbi engenamthungo yombhobho, umbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo we-martensitic, umbhobho we-austenitic wentsimbi engenamthungo, umbhobho we-austenitic ferritic wentsimbi engenamthungo, njl.
1. Ishushu esoliweyo (umbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo okhutshiweyo): ityhubhu engqukuva ingenanto → ukufudumeza → ukugqobhoza → ukuqengqeleka okuthathu okuqengqelekayo, ukuqengqeleka okuqhubekayo okanye ukhuphelo → ukuhluba kombhobho → ukulinganisa (okanye ukunciphisa) → ukupholisa → ukulungisa → uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic (okanye ukubhaqa isiphene) → ukuphawula → indawo yokugcina impahla
Imathiriyeli ekrwada yokuqengqeleka ityhubhu engenamthungo yityhubhu engqukuva engenanto. I-tube ejikelezayo engenanto iya kunqunyulwa kwaye iqhutywe ngumsiki, kwaye i-blank kunye nokukhula malunga ne-1m iya kuthunyelwa kwisithando somlilo ukufudumeza ngebhanti yokuhambisa. I-billet ithunyelwa kwiziko ukuze ifudunyezwe kwiqondo lokushisa malunga ne-1200 degrees Celsius. Amafutha yihydrogen okanye iacetylene. Ukulawulwa kweqondo lokushisa kwisithando somlilo yingxaki ephambili. Emva kokuba i-tube billet ejikelezayo ikhutshwe kwisithando somlilo, kufuneka ihlatywe nge-piercer pressure piercer. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oyena mgqobhozi uxhaphakileyo ngumbhobhozo we-conical roll. Lo mbhobhozo unomgangatho ophezulu wemveliso, umgangatho omhle wemveliso, ukwandiswa okukhulu kwe-perforation kwaye unokugqoka iindidi zentsimbi. Emva kokubhoboza, i-tube ejikelezileyo engenanto iqhutywe ngokulandelelana ngokugqithwa kwe-roll cross rolling, i-rolling eqhubekayo okanye i-extrusion. Emva kwe-extrusion, susa umbhobho ukwenzela ukulinganisa. Umatshini wokulinganisa ujikeleza kwi-embryo yentsimbi ngesantya esiphezulu ngokusebenzisa i-conical drill ukwenza umbhobho wentsimbi. Ububanzi bangaphakathi bombhobho wentsimbi buchongwa bubude obungaphandle bedayamitha yokulinganisa umatshini. Emva kokulinganisa, umbhobho wensimbi ungena kwinqaba yokupholisa kwaye upholiswe ngokutshiza kwamanzi. Emva kokupholisa, umbhobho wensimbi uya kulungiswa. Emva kokulungiswa, umbhobho wensimbi uthunyelwa kwi-metal flaw detector (okanye uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic) ngebhanti yokuhambisa ukukhangela impazamo yangaphakathi. Ukuba kukho ukuqhekeka, iibhubhu kunye nezinye iingxaki ngaphakathi kombhobho wensimbi, ziya kufunyanwa. Imibhobho yensimbi kufuneka ikhethwe ngokungqongqo ngesandla emva kokuhlolwa komgangatho. Emva kokuba umbhobho wensimbi uhlolwe, inombolo, inkcazo, inombolo yebhetshi yokuvelisa, njl njl. Kuya kutshizwa ngepeyinti. Kwaye yakhweliswa kwindawo yokugcina impahla ngecrane.
2. Umbhobho wentsimbi obandayo (uqengqelekiyo) ongenamthungo: ityhubhu engqukuva engenanto → ukufudumeza → ukugqobhoza → isihloko → ukuqhola → ukuchola → ukuthambisa (iplanga yobhedu) → imizobo emininzi ebandayo (ukuqengqeleka okubandayo) → ityhubhu engenanto → unyango lobushushu → ukulungisa → uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic (isiphene ubhaqo) → ukuphawula → ugcino.
Indlela yokuqengqeleka yombhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo otsaliweyo (oqengqiwe) untsonkothile ngakumbi kunombhobho wentsimbi oshushu oqengqelekayo (okhutshiweyo) ongenamthungo. Amanyathelo amathathu okuqala enkqubo yawo yokuvelisa ayafana. Umahluko uqala kwinyathelo lesine. Emva kokuba ityhubhu ejikelezayo ingenanto, kufuneka iqalwe kwaye ifakwe. Emva kokucoca, ulwelo olukhethekileyo lweasidi luya kusetyenziselwa ukukha. Emva kokukhetha, sebenzisa ioli. Emva koko ilandelwa ngumzobo wokudlula obandayo (ukuqengqeleka okubandayo) kunye nonyango olukhethekileyo lobushushu. Emva kokunyanga kobushushu, kuya kulungiswa.
Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvelisa, inokwahlulwa ibe ngumbhobho oshushu oqengqelekayo, umbhobho oqengqelekayo obandayo, umbhobho otsalweyo obandayo, umbhobho okhutshiweyo, njl.
1.1. Umbhobho oshushu oqengqelekayo wentsimbi engenamthungo iveliswa kumbhobho wokusila ozenzekelayo. Emva kokuhlolwa kunye nokususwa kweziphene zomhlaba, umbhobho oqinileyo ongenanto unqunywe kubude obufunekayo, ugxininise ekupheleni kobuso besiphelo sombhobho ongenanto, kwaye emva koko uthunyelwe kwisithando sokufudumala sokufudumala kunye ne-perforated kwi-piercer. Ngexesha lokugqojozwa, ijikeleza kwaye iqhubela phambili ngokuqhubekayo. Ngaphantsi kwesenzo somqulu kunye neplagi, i-cavity yenziwa ngokuthe ngcembe ngaphakathi kombhobho ongenanto, obizwa ngokuba yi-rough pipe. Emva koko ithunyelwa kumbhobho wokusila ukuze uqhubeke uqengqeleka. Ekugqibeleni, ubukhulu bodonga buhlengahlengiswa ngumatshini wonke, kwaye ububanzi buchongwa ngumatshini wokulinganisa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokucaciswa. Yindlela ephucukileyo yokuvelisa umbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo oqengqelekayo ngokuqhubekayo.
1.2. Ukuba ufuna ukufumana imibhobho engenamthungo enobukhulu obuncinci kunye nomgangatho ongcono, kufuneka usebenzise ukuqengqeleka okubandayo, umzobo obandayo okanye indibaniselwano yazo zombini. I-Cold rolling idla ngokuqhutyelwa kwi-mill emibini ephezulu. Umbhobho wensimbi ugqitywe kwi-annular pass eyenziwe ngecandelo eliguquguqukayo le-circular groove kunye neplagi ye-conical esisigxina. Umzobo obandayo udla ngokuqhutywa kwitsheyini enye okanye umatshini wokuzoba obandayo ophindwe kabini we-0.5 ~ 100t.
1.3. indlela Extrusion kuthetha ukuba ityhubhu eshushu blank ibekwe kwi cylinder extrusion evaliweyo, kwaye intonga enemingxuma ihamba kunye intonga extrusion ukuba extrude inxalenye extrusion ukusuka kumngxuma encinane die. Le ndlela inokuvelisa iibhobho zetsimbi ezinobubanzi obuncinci.
Olu hlobo lombhobho wentsimbi lunokwahlulwa lube ngumbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo kunye nentsimbi engenazintsimbi edityanisiweyo.
Ezi ntlobo zisisiseko zezi: i-hot rolling, i-extrusion, umzobo obandayo kunye nokuqengqeleka okubandayo. Ngokutsho kobume becandelo, banokuhlulwa kumbhobho ojikelezayo kunye nombhobho okhethekileyo. Umbhobho wensimbi ojikelezayo usetyenziswa kakhulu, kodwa kukwakho nemibhobho yentsimbi emile okwezodwa enjengesikwere, uxande, isemicircular, hexagonal, equilateral triangle kunye neoctagonal.
Uvavanyo lwe-Hydraulic luya kuqhutyelwa kumbhobho wentsimbi ophethe uxinzelelo lwamanzi ukuvavanya ukuxhathisa koxinzelelo kunye nomgangatho. Ifanelekile ukuba akukho ukuvuza, ukumanzisa okanye ukwandiswa phantsi koxinzelelo oluchaziweyo. Eminye imibhobho yentsimbi nayo iya kuba phantsi kovavanyo lwe-crimping, uvavanyo lwe-flaring kunye novavanyo lokucaba ngokuhambelana nomgangatho okanye iimfuno zomfaki-sicelo.
Umbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo, okwaziwa ngokuba ngumbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo, wenziwe ngentsimbi yentsimbi okanye umbhobho oqinileyo ongenanto ngokugqobhoza, emva koko wenziwe ngokuqengqeleka okushushu, ukuqengqeleka okubandayo okanye umzobo obandayo. Ubalulo lombhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo lubonakaliswe nge-mm yedayamitha yangaphandle * ubukhulu bodonga
Ngokolwakhiwo lwensimbi engenasici, yahlulwe yaba yi-semi-Ferritic kunye ne-semi martensitic yentsimbi engenamthungo yombhobho, umbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo we-martensitic, umbhobho we-austenitic wentsimbi engenamthungo, umbhobho we-austenitic ferritic wentsimbi engenamthungo, njl.
