Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-A53 umenzi wemibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo
Umbhobho wensimbi ongenamthungo we-A53 yimbhobho yensimbi esemgangathweni yaseMelika, apho i-a53-a ilingana nentsimbi yasekhaya 10 #, i-a53-b ilingana nentsimbi yasekhaya ye-20 #, kunye ne-a53-f ilingana ne-Q235 yasekhaya. Iinkqubo eziphambili zemveliso ye-A53 yombhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo ngumzobo obandayo kunye nokuqengqeleka okushushu. Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezi zibini kukuba inkqubo yokuvelisa umbhobho wensimbi ongenamthungo obandayo ngokuqhelekileyo unzima ngakumbi kunowokuqengqeleka okushushu. Ngenkangeleko, umbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo opholileyo umfutshane kunombhobho wentsimbi eshushu. Ubukhulu bodonga lombhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo oqengqelekayo buncinci kunobo bombhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo oqengqelekayo, kodwa umphezulu ukhangeleka uqaqambile. Umphezulu wombhobho wentsimbi oshushu oqengqelekayo urhabaxa. Eyona nkqubo yemveliso yityhubhu engqukuva engenanto → ukufudumeza → ukugqobhoza → ukuqengqeleka okuqengqelekayo okuthathu, ukuqengqeleka ngokuqhubekayo okanye ukukhupha → ukuhluba kombhobho → ukwenza ubungakanani (okanye ukunciphisa) → ukupholisa → ukulungisa → uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic (okanye ukubhaqwa kwempazamo) → ukumakisha → ukugcina. Ifomula yokubala yobunzima kwimitha nganye ye-A53 umbhobho wensimbi ongenamthungo: 0.02466 * ubukhulu bodonga * (i-diameter yangaphandle - ubukhulu bodonga).
Umbhobho wensimbi ongenamthungo ophakamileyo kunye nombhobho webhoyila woxinzelelo oluphezulu luhlobo lwebhoyila yombhobho, oyinxalenye yodidi lombhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo. Indlela yokuvelisa iyafana neyombhobho ongenamthungo, kodwa kukho iimfuno ezingqongqo kwibakala lensimbi elisetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kombhobho wensimbi. Iityhubhu zebhoyila ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu zihlala zisetyenziswa phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye neemeko zoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Iityhubhu zebhoyila ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu zisetyenziswa ikakhulu ukwenza iityhubhu zokufudumeza, iityhubhu zokufudumeza, iityhubhu zomoya, iityhubhu eziphambili zomphunga, njl.
Iityhubhu zebhoyila ezinoxinzelelo oluphantsi noluphakathi gb3087-2008 kunye netyhubhu yebhoyila yoxinzelelo oluphezulu GB5310-2008 yintsimbi ekwinqanaba eliphezulu lekhabhoni eyintsimbi eshushu eqengqelekayo kunye nebandayo etsalwa (iqengqelekisiwe) iityhubhu yentsimbi engenamthungo zokwenza iityhubhu zomphunga ezishushu kakhulu, iityhubhu zamanzi abilayo zoxinzelelo oluphantsi kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu. iibhoyila ezinezakhiwo ezahlukahlukeneyo kunye neetyhubhu zomphunga ezishushu kakhulu, iityhubhu ezinkulu zomsi, iityhubhu ezincinci zomsi kunye neetyhubhu zezitena ze-arch kwiibhoyila ze-locomotive. Umbhobho wensimbi ongenamthungo wesakhiwo (GB / t8162-2008) ngumbhobho wensimbi ongenamthungo wesakhiwo ngokubanzi kunye nesakhiwo soomatshini.
Ukucaciswa kunye nomgangatho wokubonakala: I-GB5310-2008 iityhubhu zentsimbi ezingenamthungo kwiibhoyili zoxinzelelo oluphezulu, ububanzi bangaphandle beetyhubhu ezishushu ezigoqiweyo yi-22 ~ 530mm, kwaye ubukhulu bodonga yi-20 ~ 70mm. Umbhobho ozotyiweyo (obandayo oqengqiwe) unobubanzi obungaphandle obuyi-10 ~ 108mm kunye nobukhulu bodonga obuyi-2.0 ~ 13.0mm.
Umbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo okhethekileyo ligama eliqhelekileyo lombhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo kunye nezinye iimilo zecandelo ngaphandle kombhobho ojikelezayo. Ngokwemilo eyahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu becandelo lombhobho wentsimbi, linokohlulwa lube ngumbhobho wentsimbi olinganayo omilise okwemilo ekhethekileyo (ikhowudi D), ubukhulu bodonga olungalinganiyo umbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo (ikhowudi BD) kunye nobubanzi obuguquguqukayo obunokwakheka okukhethekileyo. umbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo (ikhowudi BJ). Umbhobho okhethekileyo owenziwe ngentsimbi ongenamthungo usetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zesakhiwo, izixhobo kunye namacandelo omatshini. Xa kuthelekiswa nombhobho ojikelezayo, umbhobho owenziwe ngokukodwa unomzuzu omkhulu we-inertia kunye nemodyuli yecandelo, kwaye unokugoba okukhulu kunye nokuxhathisa ukuxhatshazwa, okunokunciphisa kakhulu ubunzima bokwakheka kunye nokugcina intsimbi:
( 1) Umgangatho ophezulu we-carbon structural steel grade ziquka i-20g, i-20mng kunye ne-25mng.
(2) I-alloy structural steel grade grade: 15mog, 20mog, 12crmog, 15CrMoG, 12CR2MOG, 12crmovg, 12Cr3MoVSiTiB, njl.
(3) Ukongeza ekuqinisekiseni ukwakheka kweekhemikhali kunye neempawu zoomatshini, i-1Cr18Ni9 kunye ne-1cr18ni11nb iityhubhu zebhoyila eziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwintsimbi erusayo ekwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu ziya kuxhomekeka kuvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic, ukugqabhuka kunye novavanyo lokucaba nganye nganye. Imibhobho yentsimbi iya kuhanjiswa kwimeko yokuphathwa bubushushu.
Ukongezelela, kukho iimfuno ezithile ze-microstructure, ubukhulu bengqolowa kunye ne-decarburization layer yombhobho wensimbi ogqityiweyo.
