Imibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo ikhoyo
Umbhobho wentsimbi awusetyenziselwa nje ukuhambisa ulwelo kunye nomgubo oqinileyo, ukutshintshisa amandla obushushu, ukuvelisa iinxalenye zoomatshini kunye nezikhongozeli, kodwa kunye nentsimbi yezoqoqosho. Ukusebenzisa umbhobho wentsimbi ukwenza igridi yesakhiwo sesakhiwo, intsika kunye nenkxaso yomatshini kunokunciphisa ubunzima, ukonga isinyithi ngama-20 ~ 40%, kunye nokuqonda ukwakhiwa kwemizi-mveliso kunye noomatshini. Ukuvelisa iibhulorho zeNdlela ePhakamileyo ezinemibhobho yentsimbi azikwazi nje ukugcina intsimbi kunye nokwenza lula ulwakhiwo, kodwa nokunciphisa kakhulu ummandla wokugquma okukhuselweyo kunye nokugcina iindleko zotyalo-mali kunye nokugcinwa kwazo. Imibhobho yentsimbi inokwahlulwa ibe ngamacandelo amabini ngokweendlela zokuvelisa: imibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo kunye nemibhobho yentsimbi edityanisiweyo. Imibhobho yentsimbi edityanisiweyo ibizwa ngokuba yimibhobho edityanisiweyo ngokufutshane.
1. Umbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo unokwahlulwa ube ngumbhobho oshushu oqengqelekayo ongenamthungo, umbhobho otsalwa ngokubanda, umbhobho wentsimbi ochanekileyo, umbhobho owandisiweyo oshushu, umbhobho ojikelezayo obandayo kunye nombhobho okhutshiweyo ngokwendlela yokuvelisa.
Umbhobho wensimbi ongenamthungo wenziwa nge-carbon steel high-quality okanye i-alloy steel, enokuthi ihlulwe ibe yi-hot rolling kunye ne-cold rolling (umzobo).
2.Umbhobho wentsimbi odityanisiweyo wahlulwe waba ngumbhobho odityanisiweyo wesithando somlilo, i-welding yombane (i-resistance welding) umbhobho kunye nombhobho odibeneyo we-arc ozenzekelayo ngenxa yeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo ze-welding. Ngenxa yeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuwelda, yahlulwe yaba ngumbhobho odityanisiweyo othe tye kunye nombhobho odityanisiweyo. Ngenxa yokuma kwayo kokuphela, yahlulwe kumbhobho odityanisiweyo wesetyhula kunye nohlobo olukhethekileyo (isikwere, isicaba, njl. njl.) umbhobho odityanisiweyo.
Umbhobho wentsimbi odityanisiweyo wenziwe ngepleyiti yentsimbi esongiweyo edityaniswe ngokudityaniswa kwempundu okanye i-spiral seam. Ngokwemigaqo yokwenziwa kwendlela yokuvelisa, ikwahlulwe kumbhobho wentsimbi odityanisiweyo wokuhanjiswa kolwelo oluphantsi koxinzelelo, umbhobho wentsimbi ojikelezayo, umbhobho wentsimbi odityanisiweyo, umbhobho wentsimbi odityanisiweyo, njl njl. kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Imibhobho edibeneyo ingasetyenziselwa imibhobho yamanzi, iipayipi zegesi, iipayipi zokufudumeza, iipayipi zombane, njl.
Ipropathi yomatshini yentsimbi isalathiso esibalulekileyo sokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwenkonzo yokugqibela (ipropathi yomatshini) yentsimbi, exhomekeke kukwakheka kweekhemikhali kunye nenkqubo yokunyanga ukushisa kwentsimbi. Kwinqanaba lombhobho wensimbi, ngokweemfuno ezahlukeneyo zenkonzo, iimpawu zokuqina (amandla okuqina, amandla emveliso okanye indawo yokuvunwa, i-elongation), izinkomba zobunzima kunye nokuqina, kunye neempawu zokushisa eziphezulu kunye eziphantsi ezifunwa ngabasebenzisi zichazwe.
Amandla aphezulu (FB) athwalwa ngumzekelo ngexesha loxinzelelo, olwahlulwe yindawo yokuqala ye-cross-sectional area (so) ye-specimen (σ), ebizwa ngokuba yi-tensile strength (σ b), kwi-N / mm2 (MPA). Imele amandla aphezulu ezinto zetsimbi ukuxhathisa ukungaphumeleli phantsi koxinzelelo.
Kwiimathiriyeli zetsimbi kunye nesiganeko sokuvunwa, uxinzelelo xa i-specimen ingaqhubeka ikhula ngaphandle kokunyuka (ukugcina rhoqo) uxinzelelo ngexesha lenkqubo ye-tensile ibizwa ngokuba yi-isivuno point. Ukuba uxinzelelo luyehla, amanqaku aphezulu kunye asezantsi esivuno aya kwahlulwa. Iyunithi yenqaku lesivuno ngu-n / mm2 (MPA).
Inqaku lesivuno esiphezulu (σ Su): ubuninzi boxinzelelo ngaphambi kokuba uxinzelelo lwesivuno lwesampuli luyancipha okokuqala; Inqanaba lesivuno esisezantsi (σ SL): ubuncinci boxinzelelo kwinqanaba lesivuno xa isiphumo sokuqala sangoko singaqwalaselwa.
Ifomyula yokubala yenqaku lesivuno yile:
Apho: I-FS -- isivuno soxinzelelo (ngokusisigxina) sesampuli ngexesha loxinzelelo, n (Newton) ngoko - indawo yokuqala yecandelo lomnqamlezo wesampuli, mm2.
Kuvavanyo lwe-tensile, ipesenteji yobude yonyuswe ngobude begeyiji yesampulu emva kokuqhawuka kubude begeyiji yokuqala ibizwa ngokuba ngubude. ngo-σ Ibonakaliswe kwi%. Ifomula yokubala yile: σ= (Lh-Lo)/L0*100%
Apho: LH -- ubude begeyiji emva kokwaphulwa kwesampulu, mm; L0 -- igeyiji yoqobo yobude besampulu, mm.
Kuvavanyo lwe-tensile, ipesenteji phakathi kokunciphisa ubuninzi bommandla we-cross-sectional kwi-diameter encitshisiweyo kunye ne-original ye-cross-sectional area emva kokuba i-specimen iphukile ibizwa ngokuba kukunciphisa indawo. nge ψ Ibonakaliswe nge%. Ifomula yokubala imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Apho: S0 -- indawo yokuqala enqamlezileyo yesampulu, mm2; I-S1 -- indawo encinci ye-cross-sectional kwi-diameter encitshisiweyo emva kokuphulwa kwesampuli, mm2.
Ukukwazi kwezixhobo zetsimbi ukuxhathisa i-indentation surface yezinto ezinzima kubizwa ngokuba lukhuni. Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo kunye nobubanzi besicelo, ubulukhuni bunokwahlulwa bubulukhuni beBrinell, ukuqina kweRockwell, ukuqina kweVickers, ukuqina konxweme, ubulukhuni obuncinci kunye nobunzima obuphezulu bobushushu. I-Brinell, i-Rockwell kunye ne-Vickers ubunzima busetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwimibhobho.
Cinezela ibhola yentsimbi okanye ibhola ye-carbide ene-cemented kunye nobubanzi obuthile kwisampulu yesampulu kunye namandla ovavanyo oluchaziweyo (f), susa amandla okuvavanya emva kwexesha elichaziweyo lokubamba, kwaye ulinganise i-diameter ye-indentation (L) kumphezulu wesampuli. Inombolo yobulukhuni be-Brinell yi-quotient efunyenwe ngokwahlula amandla ovavanyo nge-spherical surface area of the indentation. Ibonakaliswe kwi-HBS (ibhola yentsimbi), iyunithi: n / mm2 (MPA).
Apho: F -- amandla ovavanyo acinezelwe kumphezulu wesampulu yesinyithi, N; D -- ububanzi bebhola yensimbi yokuvavanya, mm; D -- i-avareji yedayamitha ye-indentation, mm.
Ukuzimisela kokuqina kweBrinell kuchanekile ngakumbi kwaye kunokwethenjelwa, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo i-HBS isebenza kuphela kwizinto zetsimbi ezingaphantsi kwe-450N / mm2 (MPA), kungekhona kwintsimbi eqinile okanye iipleyiti ezincinci. Ukuqina kweBrinell yeyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimigangatho yemibhobho yentsimbi. Idayamitha ye-Indentation ye-D isoloko isetyenziselwa ukubonisa ubulukhuni bemathiriyeli, ecacileyo kwaye ilungele.
Umzekelo: 120hbs10 / 1000 / 30: kuthetha ukuba ixabiso lobunzima beBrinell elilinganiswa ngokusebenzisa ibhola yensimbi ye-10mm ububanzi phantsi kwesenzo se-1000kgf (9.807kn) yovavanyo lwamandla angama-30 yi-120N / mm2 (MPA).
