Umbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo ukuthengiswa ngokuthe ngqo kwezinto ezahlukeneyo

1.Injongo ngokubanzi umbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo iqengqeleke ngentsimbi eqhelekileyo ye-carbon structural, i-alloy structural iron ephantsi okanye i-alloy structural steel, enemveliso enkulu. Isetyenziswa ikakhulu njengemibhobho okanye iinxalenye zesakhiwo sokuhambisa ulwelo.

2. Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zobonelelo ngokweenjongo ezahlukeneyo:

a. Ukubonelela ngokubunjwa kweekhemikhali kunye neempawu zoomatshini;

b. Ubonelelo ngokweempawu zoomatshini;

c.Inikwe ngokovavanyo lwe-hydrostatic. Ukuba umbhobho wensimbi onikezelweyo ngokweklasi A kunye ne-B isetyenziselwa ukuthwala uxinzelelo lwe-liquid, iya kuba phantsi kovavanyo lwe-hydrostatic.

3. Imibhobho engenamthungo ngeenjongo ezikhethekileyo ibandakanya imibhobho engenamthungo yeebhoyila, iikhemikhali kunye namandla ombane, imibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo yegeology kunye nemibhobho engenamthungo yepetroleum.

Umbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo unecandelo elinomgongxo kwaye usetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengombhobho wokuhambisa ulwelo, njengombhobho wokuhambisa ioyile, igesi yendalo, igesi, amanzi kunye nezinye izinto eziqinileyo. Xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi eqinileyo efana nentsimbi ejikelezayo, umbhobho wensimbi unamandla afanayo kunye ne-torsional kunye nobunzima obulula. Yintsimbi yecandelo loqoqosho.

Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukwenza iinxalenye zesakhiwo kunye namalungu omatshini, afana nombhobho we-oyile, ishafu yokuhambisa imoto, isakhelo sebhayisekile kunye nesikafula sentsimbi esisetyenziswa ekwakheni. Inokuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwezinto, yenza lula inkqubo yokuvelisa, igcine imathiriyeli kunye neeyure zokusebenza. Kuye kwenziwa ngokubanzi kunye nombhobho wentsimbi.

① Eyona nkqubo yemveliso yombhobho wentsimbi eshushu eqengqelekayo (△ eyona nkqubo yokuhlola):

Ukulungiswa kunye nokuhlolwa kombhobho ungenanto △ → ukufudumeza umbhobho ungenanto → ukugqobhoza → ukuqengqeleka kombhobho → ukufudumeza umbhobho wentsimbi → ukulinganisa (ukunciphisa) → unyango lobushushu △ → ukulungiswa kombhobho ogqityiweyo → ukugqiba → ukuhlola △ (angonakalisi, emzimbeni kunye namachiza, ukuhlolwa kwebhentshi ) → ugcino

② Iinkqubo eziphambili zemveliso yombhobho wentsimbi oqengqelekayo (otsaliweyo) ongenamthungo:

Ukulungiselela okungenanto → ukukha kunye nokuthambisa → ukuqengqeleka okubandayo (umzobo) → unyango lobushushu → ukulungisa → ukugqiba → ukuhlola

Inkqubo yokuvelisa ngokubanzi yombhobho wensimbi engenamthungo inokwahlulwa ibe ngumzobo obandayo kunye ne-hot rolling. Inkqubo yokuvelisa umbhobho wensimbi ongenamthungo obandayo ngokuqhelekileyo unzima ngakumbi kunokuqengqeleka okushushu. Umbhobho ongenanto kufuneka uqale uxhomekeke kwi-rolling ezintathu eziqhubekayo, kwaye uvavanyo lokulinganisa luya kwenziwa emva kokukhutshwa. Ukuba umphezulu awuphenduli kwi-crack, umbhobho ojikelezayo kufuneka unqunywe ngumsiki ukusika i-blank kunye nokukhula malunga nemitha enye. Emva koko faka inkqubo yokukhupha. I-annealing iya kuxutywa ngolwelo lweasidi. Ngexesha lokukhetha, qaphela ukuba kukho inani elikhulu leebhubhu ebusweni. Ukuba kukho inani elikhulu leebhubhu, libonisa ukuba umgangatho wepayipi yensimbi awukwazi ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho ehambelanayo. Ukubonakala kombhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo epholileyo mfutshane kunombhobho wensimbi ongenamthungo oshushu. Ubukhulu bodonga lombhobho wentsimbi eqengqelekayo nengenamthungo buncinane ngokubanzi kunobo bombhobho wentsimbi eqengqelekayo eqengqelekayo, kodwa umphezulu ubonakala uqaqambile kunolo lombhobho oshinyeneyo wentsimbi engenamthungo. Umphezulu awurhabaxa kakhulu kwaye idiameter ayizizo iiburrs zininzi.

Ubume bokuhanjiswa kombhobho wensimbi ongenamthungo oshushu ngokuqhelekileyo ushushu kwaye uhanjiswe emva kokunyanga ubushushu. Emva kokuhlolwa komgangatho, umbhobho wensimbi ongenamthungo oshushu ogqityiweyo uya kukhethwa ngokungqongqo ngabasebenzi. Emva kokuhlolwa komgangatho, umphezulu uya kugalelwa i-oyile, ulandelwe yimifuniselo emininzi yokuzoba ebandayo. Emva kokuqengqeleka okushushu, uvavanyo lokugqobhoza luya kwenziwa. Ukuba ukwandiswa kwe-perforation kukhulu kakhulu, kuya kulungiswa kwaye kulungiswe. Emva kokulungiswa, idluliselwa kwisixhobo sokujonga isiphene ngumthumeli wovavanyo lokufumanisa isiphene. Ekugqibeleni, ibhalwe kwaye ibekwe kwindawo yokugcina impahla emva kolungiselelo olucacileyo.

Ityhubhu engqukuva ingenanto → ukufudumeza → ukugqobhoza → ukuqengqeleka okuthathu okunqamlezayo, ukuqengqeleka okuqhubekayo okanye ukukhutshwa → ukuhluba kombhobho → ubungakanani (okanye ukunciphisa) → ukupholisa → ukulungisa → uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic (okanye ubhaqo lwesiphene) → ukuphawula → umbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo owenziwe ngentsimbi okanye ityhubhu eqinileyo engenanto ngokugqobhoza, kwaye emva koko ishushu yaqengqeleka, yaqengqeleka ebandayo okanye ebandayo. Ubalulo lombhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo lubonakaliswe nge-mm yedayamitha yangaphandle * ubukhulu bodonga.

Idayamitha yangaphandle yombhobho ongenamthungo oqengqelekayo ngokuqhelekileyo mkhulu kune-32mm, kwaye ubukhulu bodonga yi-2.5-200mm. Idayamitha yangaphandle yombhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo eqengqelekayo inokufikelela kwi-6mm, ubukhulu bodonga bungafikelela kwi-0.25mm, ububanzi bangaphandle bombhobho obhityileyo bunokufikelela kwi-5mm, kwaye ubukhulu bodonga bungaphantsi kwe-0.25mm. Ukuqengqeleka okubandayo kunomgangatho ophezulu wokuchaneka kunokuqengqeleka okushushu.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, iipayipi zensimbi ezingenamthungo zenziwe ngeentsimbi ezisemgangathweni eziphezulu zekhabhoni ezifana ne-10, i-20, i-30, i-35 kunye ne-45, i-alloy-alloy structures ephantsi njenge-16Mn kunye ne-5mnv, okanye iintsimbi ezidibeneyo ezifana ne-40Cr, 30CrMnSi, 40MnB kunye ne-40MnB. 10. Imibhobho engenamthungo eyenziwe ngentsimbi yekhabhoni ephantsi efana ne-20 isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwimibhobho yokuhambisa ulwelo. Imibhobho engenamthungo eyenziwe ngentsimbi yekhabhoni ephakathi enje nge-45 kunye ne-40Cr isetyenziselwa ukwenza iinxalenye zoomatshini, ezifana neendawo ezinoxinzelelo lweemoto kunye neetrektara. Ngokuqhelekileyo, uvavanyo lwamandla kunye nokunciphisa umbhobho wensimbi engenamthungo kuya kuqinisekiswa. Imibhobho yentsimbi eshushu iya kuhanjiswa kwindawo eshushu yokuqengqeleka okanye yonyango lobushushu; I-Cold rolling ihanjiswa kwimeko yokuphatha ukushisa.

Ukuqengqeleka okushushu, njengoko igama lisitsho, iqondo lobushushu leqhekeza liphezulu, ngoko ke ukuxhathisa kwe-deformation kuncinci kwaye i-deformation enkulu inokufezekiswa. Ukuthatha ukuqengqeleka kwepleyiti yentsimbi njengomzekelo, ubukhulu be-slab eqhubekayo yokuphosa ngokuqhelekileyo malunga ne-230mm, ngelixa emva kokuqengqeleka kunye nokugqiba ukuqengqeleka, ubukhulu bokugqibela yi-1 ~ 20mm. Kwangaxeshanye, ngenxa yokuba ububanzi bobukhulu bomlinganiselo wepleyiti yentsimbi buncinci kwaye iimfuno zokuchaneka komgangatho ziphantsi ngokwentelekiso, ingxaki yokumila akulula ukuba yenzeke, kwaye i-convexity ilawulwa ikakhulu. Kwabo baneemfuno zentlangano, ngokuqhelekileyo iqondwa ngokuqengqeleka okulawulwayo kunye nokupholisa okulawulwayo, oko kukuthi, ukulawula ubushushu bokuqalisa kunye nobushushu bokugqibela bokuqengqeleka kokugqiba. Ityhubhu engqukuva ingenanto → ukufudumeza → ukugqobhoza → isihloko → ukuqhola → ukuchola → ukufakwa kwe-oyile (i-copper plating) → imizobo emininzi ebandayo (ukuqengqeleka okubandayo) → ityhubhu engenanto → unyango lobushushu → ukulungisa → uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic (ukubona iziphene) → ukuphawula → ukugcina.