Abavelisi abaqinileyo banokwenza ngokwezifiso iibhubhu ezikhanyayo ezichanekileyo
Undoqo wobushushu obuphezulu bobushushu bobushushu obuchanekileyo betyhubhu eqaqambileyo ngokuqhelekileyo ithathwa njengesiphumo sokwahlulwa kwezinto ezingacocekanga ezifana ne-phosphorus, i-tin, i-antimony kunye ne-arsenic kumda wokuqala we-austenite grain , okukhokelela kwi-embrittlement yomda weenkozo. Iziqalelo ze-alloy ezifana ne-manganese, nickel kunye ne-chromium zahlulwe kunye neziqalelo zokungacoceki ezingentla kumda wokudla okuziinkozo, ezikhuthaza ukutyetyiswa kwezinto zokungacoceki kunye nokuqinisa i-embrittlement. Ngokuchasene noko, i-molybdenum inobudlelwane obuqinileyo kunye ne-phosphorus kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo, ezinokuvelisa isigaba sokuqhaqhazela kwikristale kwaye ithintele ulwahlulo lomda weenkozo ze-phosphorus, ezinokunciphisa ukunyanzeliswa kokushisa okuphezulu. Izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba nazo zinefuthe elifanayo ne-molybdenum. I-Titanium inokukhuthaza ngokukuko ukuna kwe-phosphorus kunye nezinye izinto ezingacocekanga kwikristale, ukuze yenze buthathaka umda wokwahlulwahlulwa kwezinto eziziinkozo kwaye icothise i-brittleness yobushushu obuphezulu.
Amanyathelo okunciphisa i-brittleness yobushushu obuphezulu bokuchaneka kwetyhubhu eqaqambileyo yile ilandelayo: (1) emva kobushushu obuphezulu, ukupholisa kweoli okanye ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza kwamanzi kusetyenziselwa ukuthintela ukwahlulwa kwezinto ezingacocekanga kumda wengqolowa (2) Xa i-molybdenum. umxholo kwintsimbi uyanda ukuya kwi-0.7%, ukuthambekela kwe-embrittlement yobushushu obuphezulu buyancipha kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwalo mda, i-20 # iityhubhu zentsimbi ezichanekileyo zenza i-carbides ekhethekileyo ecebileyo kwi-molybdenum, umxholo we-molybdenum kwi-matrix uyancipha, kwaye ukuthambekela kwe-embrittlement yeetyhubhu ezichanekileyo ezichanekileyo ziyanda (3) Ukunciphisa i-20 # umxholo wezinto ezingcolileyo kumbhobho wensimbi ochanekileyo (4) ) Kunzima ukunqanda i-embrittlement yamacandelo asebenza kwindawo yokufudumala yobushushu obuphezulu ixesha elide ngokudibanisa i-molybdenum yodwa. Kuphela ngokunciphisa i-20 # isiqulatho sento engcolileyo kumbhobho wentsimbi echanekileyo, ukuphucula ukucoceka kombhobho ochanekileyo oqaqambileyo, ukongeza kwi-alloying edibeneyo ye-aluminium kunye nezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, zinokuthintelwa ngokufanelekileyo ubushushu bobushushu obuphezulu.
Okwangoku, kukho ngaphezu kwezityalo ze-5100 zokuvelisa phantsi kweenkampani ezingaphezu kwe-1850 kumazwe angaphezu kwe-110, kubandakanywa izityalo ezingaphezu kwe-260 phantsi kweenkampani ezingaphezu kwe-170 kumazwe angama-44. Ngo-2000, ukusetyenziswa okubonakalayo kombhobho e-China kwakuyi-4.18 yezigidi zeetoni, kubandakanywa ne-3.821 yezigidi zeetoni zobonelelo lwangaphakathi, lubalelwa kwi-91.4% yemfuno yasekhaya iyonke. Ingeniso ibiziitoni ezingama-359000, ezibalelwa kwi-8.59% yemfuno yangaphakathi iyonke. Ngaloo nyaka, ukusetyenziswa kwemibhobho yeoli kwakumalunga neetoni ze-910000. Ukungenisa elizweni malunga neetoni ezingama-252000. Imibhobho evela kumazwe angaphandle ithatha malunga ne-70% yosetyenziso lwasekhaya lulonke, apho imibhobho ephuma kumazwe angaphandle ithatha i-27.69% yosetyenziso lwasekhaya lulonke, kwaye imibhobho ye-oyile ithatha malunga nama-70% etotali yemibhobho engenamthungo ephuma kumazwe angaphandle. Imibhobho yeoli esuka eJapan ithatha ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sayo yonke into ethengwe kumazwe angaphandle. Inkampani yombhobho wensimbi yaseTianjin, isiseko esikhulu semveliso ye-oyile yaseChina, yavelisa iitoni ezingama-522000 zeemveliso zemibhobho yentsimbi ngo-2000, kubandakanywa neetoni ze-364100 ze-oyile. I-Casing akhawunti ngaphezu kwesiqingatha semveliso yeoli yelizwe. Ibeka kuqala kwiMarike yeCasing yaseTshayina ngokwemveliso kunye nomthamo wentengiso.
Ukususela kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe kunye nasekhaya, umthamo okhoyo wemveliso wemibhobho engenamthungo (kubandakanywa nemibhobho ye-oyile ekhethekileyo) idlule imfuno. Ngoko ke, kwixesha elizayo, kufuneka kugxininiswe ekunikeni umdlalo opheleleyo kumthamo weeyunithi ezikhoyo kunye nokuphuhlisa iimveliso ezifana nemibhobho yeoli, imibhobho yebhoyila yoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nemibhobho yegesi yesilinda enezinga eliphezulu lamandla, ukuxhathisa umonakalo omkhulu kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola. Ikwangumxholo wokuphucula ubume bemveliso kwimarike yentsimbi yaseTshayina. Oku kukwasisitshixo sokwandisa ukukhuphisana kweemveliso zasekhaya nakwamanye amazwe kunye nokwandisa isabelo semarike. Oko kukuthi, ukuphuculwa kokukhuphisana kwemarike yamashishini emibhobho yentsimbi yasekhaya ngumsebenzi wexesha elide kunye nesitshixo sophuhliso oluyimpumelelo lwamashishini asekhaya emva kokungena kweTshayina kwi-WTO.
